NVIDIA's warm-water cooling cuts AI data center water use to near zero

NVIDIA proposed a liquid-cooling design that recirculates warm coolant in a sealed loop, eliminating on-site water evaporation for chip cooling. The system can reduce water consumption from millions of gallons per facility to near zero, while also cutting energy use by allowing chillers to be off for most of the year. Critics note that off-site water used for electricity generation remains unaddressed.